SUMMARY
of TRAINING TECHNIQUES
|
Method
|
What it is
|
When To Use It
|
Lecture
|
One person conveys information to a group of learners by
talking to them, with or without visual aids. There is no participation by the learners
and little feedback to the lecturer. |
In large groups where discussion is not practical. When an
expert is relaying new information to learners who have no relevant personal experience. |
Informal Talk
|
Similar to a lecture, except involving feedback and
participation by the learners. Less formal. |
In groups where there is ample time for questions and
feedback. Where material being presented is not entirely outside the experiences of the
learners. |
Demonstration
|
A person or team of persons show learners how they would
carry out a task by actually performing the task while explaining it. Usually
followed up by practicing the task. |
Especially helpful for teaching a skill. Need to have
a small instructor to learner ratio. |
Discussion
|
A planned conversation (exchange of ideas or viewpoints) on
a selected topic, guided by a trained discussion leader. |
Where the ideas and experiences of the group will help them
discover the point they are learning. There needs to be an experienced leader to keep
things on track. |
Case Study
|
A realistic situation or a series of actual events is
presented to the learners, either orally or by a handout, for their analysis. |
Where real-life situations get the point across most
effectively. Where multiple points of view will help learners to better understand the
concepts. |
Role-Playing
|
Leaders or learners act out roles presented in a particular
situation. Participants must supply their own dialog within the context of the role
and the situation. |
Where high learner participation is desired, and when the
subject involves person to person communication. |
Simulations
|
A more complex form of role-playing and case study.
Used to recreate the environment in which participants would normally carry out a job and
the situations that might arise. |
For disaster, rescue, first aid, or other crisis management
situation training. Any time an elaborate role-play can best teach the subject
matter. |
Brainstorming
|
Group members suggest possible solutions to a problem in
rapid-fire order, either orally or on cards to be posted. All ideas are considered;
criticism and editorializing are not allowed. |
When the things to be learned involve pulling together the
ideas of the whole group. For program planning. |
Buzz Groups
|
A way to promote the quick exchange of ideas on a single
topic in a short period of time. Ideas are presented back to the larger group for
discussion. |
When the group is too large for general discussion or
brainstorming. When the experiences of the learners can lead them to discover
solutions for themselves. |
Question and Answer Session
|
An opportunity for an expert to impart specific knowledge
about a topic in direct response to the desires of the group of learners. |
Near the end of a training session. When an expert is
available--one whose knowledge is either superior or whose authority makes his/her answers
correct. |
Learning Centers
|
A series of stations/tables/corners, each accommodating a
small group, all teaching related parts of the same general topic. |
When desiring to teach a lot of information in a short
period of time. When a group is too large to teach effectively through other methods
above. |